Exercise Physiology - FACTSHEETS

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that affects the entire joint, including cartilage, bone, ligaments, and surrounding muscles. It is characterised by low-grade inflammation, changes to joint structures, and weakening of the tissues that support joint function. OA most commonly affects the hips, knees, and hands, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced ability to perform everyday activities.

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in which bones lose density and essential minerals, becoming weak and fragile. Over time, bones can become so brittle that even minor falls or in severe cases, simple actions such as bending or coughing can result in fractures.